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BPC-157 Source

Original experiments, recurring authors, open questions.

BPC-157 references and citation notes

Original experiments, reviews and bibliographic loose ends.

The BPC-157 reading list

The collection below includes experimental papers and reviews. Their roles differ: a review may bring several experiments together, while its bibliography can lead back to work already cited elsewhere.

To check a specific measurement, I favour the original experimental paper over a summary. The research discussion follows those experiments, and the list retains the bibliographic entries used on this site.

Looking for PMC7992657?

PMC7992657 does not appear among the identifiers in this BPC-157 reading list. I cannot assign that identifier to a paper in this collection from the available citation records. A paper title or DOI would make the intended reference easier to identify; the correction page explains what information helps.

Tendon-cell paper: DOI route

For the tendon-outgrowth paper by Chang and colleagues, use the Journal of Applied Physiology DOI. The title concerns tendon outgrowth, cell survival and cell migration.

  1. Hsieh MJ, Lee CH, Chueh HY, Chang GJ, Huang HY, Lin Y, Pang JH. Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Sci Rep. 2020. ↗
  2. Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JH. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014;19(11):19066-19077. ↗
  3. Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JH. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110(3):774-780. ↗
  4. Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Huljev D, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(5). ↗
  5. Cerovecki T, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(9):1155-1161. ↗
  6. Sebecic B, Nikolic V, Sikiric P, et al. Osteogenic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the healing of segmental bone defect in rabbits: a comparison with bone marrow and autologous cortical bone implantation. Bone. 1999;24(3):195-202. ↗
  7. Matek D, Matek I, Staresinic E, Japjec M, Bojanic I, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle from Its Attachments for Muscle-to-Bone Reattachment in Rats. Pharmaceutics. 2025. ↗
  8. McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025;18(12):611-619. ↗
  9. Ilic S, Drmic D, Franjic S, Kolenc D, Coric M, Brcic L, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its effects on a NSAID toxicity model: diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal, liver, and encephalopathy lesions. Life Science. 2011;88(11-12):535-542. ↗
  10. Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Grabarevic Z, Rucman R, Petek M, Rotkvic I, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of BPC 157, a 15-amino acid peptide, on liver lesions induced by either restraint stress or bile duct and hepatic artery ligation or CCl4 administration. Life Science. 1993;53(18):PL291-296. ↗
  11. Prkacin I, Aralica G, Perovic D, Separovic J, Gjurasin M, et al. Chronic cytoprotection: pentadecapeptide BPC 157, ranitidine and propranolol prevent, attenuate and reverse the gastric lesions appearance in chronic alcohol drinking rats. J Physiol Paris. 2001;95(1-6):295-301. ↗
  12. Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021. ↗
  13. Gjurasin M, Miklic P, Zupancic B, Perovic D, Zarkovic K, Brcic L, Kolenc D, Radic B, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Peptide therapy with pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in traumatic nerve injury. Regul Pept. 2010;160(1-3):33-41. ↗
  14. Perovic D, Kolenc D, Bilic V, Somun N, Drmic D, Elabjer E, Buljat G, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 can improve the healing course of spinal cord injury and lead to functional recovery in rats. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019. ↗
  15. Sikiric P, Separovic J, Buljat G, Anic T, Stancic-Rokotov D, Mikus D, et al. The antidepressant effect of an antiulcer pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Porsolt's test and chronic unpredictable stress in rats. J Physiol Paris. 2000;94(2):99-104. ↗
  16. Vukojevic J, Milavic M, Perovic D, Ilic S, Zemba Cilic A, Djuran N, Strbe S, Zoricic Z, Filipcic I, Brecic P, Seiverth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res. 2022;17(3):482-487. ↗
  17. Demirtas H, Ozer A, Yildirim AK, Dursun AD, Sezen SC, Arslan M. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025. ↗
  18. Boban Blagaic A, Blagaic V, Mirt M, Jelovac N, Dodig G, Rucman R, Petek M, Turkovic B, Anic T, Dubovecak M, Staresinic M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 effective against serotonin syndrome in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005;512(2-3):173-179. ↗
  19. Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, Kolenc D, Batelja Vuletic L, Drmic D, et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(8):857-865. ↗
  20. Boban Blagaic A, Blagaic V, Romic Z, Sikiric P. The influence of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on acute and chronic ethanol administration in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;499(3):285-290. ↗
  21. Jozwiak et al. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals. 2025. ↗
  22. Xu X, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022. ↗
  23. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS Journal (Sports Medicine). 2025. ↗