# BPC-157 References: Full Citation List with DOIs and PubMed Links

> Complete BPC-157 citation list. All references used across this site — PubMed links, DOIs, PMCIDs. Primary sources from the peer-reviewed literature.

All claims on this site are sourced to published literature. References are ordered by citation ID.

## BPC-157 References: Peer-Reviewed Citations

[1] Hsieh MJ, Lee CH, Chueh HY, Chang GJ, Huang HY, Lin Y, Pang JH. Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Sci Rep. 2020. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74022-y https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7555539/

[2] Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JH. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014;19(11):19066-19077. DOI: 10.3390/molecules191119066 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6271067/

[3] Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JH. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110(3):774-780. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21148156/

[4] Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Huljev D, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(5). DOI: 10.1002/jor.20096 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16583442/

[5] Cerovecki T, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(9):1155-1161. DOI: 10.1002/jor.21107 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225319/

[6] Sebecic B, Nikolic V, Sikiric P, et al. Osteogenic effect of a gastric pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the healing of segmental bone defect in rabbits. Bone. 1999;24(3):195-202. DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00180-x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10071911/

[7] Matek D, Matek I, Staresinic E, Japjec M, Bojanic I, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle. Pharmaceutics. 2025. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010119 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11768438/

[8] McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025;18(12):611-619. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/

[9] Ilic S, Drmic D, Franjic S, Kolenc D, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its effects on a NSAID toxicity model. Life Science. 2011;88(11-12):535-542. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.015 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21295044/

[10] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Grabarevic Z, Rucman R, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of BPC 157, a 15-amino acid peptide. Life Science. 1993;53(18):PL291-296. DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90589-u https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901724/

[11] Prkacin I, Aralica G, Perovic D, et al. Chronic cytoprotection: pentadecapeptide BPC 157. J Physiol Paris. 2001;95(1-6):295-301. DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00041-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11595453/

[12] Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8275860/

[13] Gjurasin M, Miklic P, Zupancic B, et al. Peptide therapy with pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in traumatic nerve injury. Regul Pept. 2010;160(1-3):33-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.11.005 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19903499/

[14] Perovic D, Kolenc D, Bilic V, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 can improve the healing course of spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1242-6 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6604284/

[15] Sikiric P, Separovic J, Buljat G, et al. The antidepressant effect of an antiulcer pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Porsolt's test. J Physiol Paris. 2000;94(2):99-104. DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4257(00)00148-0

[16] Vukojevic J, Milavic M, Perovic D, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res. 2022;17(3):482-487. DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320969 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34380875/

[17] Demirtas H, Ozer A, Yildirim AK, et al. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/medicina61020291 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/

[18] Boban Blagaic A, Blagaic V, Mirt M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 effective against serotonin syndrome in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005;512(2-3):173-179. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.02.033 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15840402/

[19] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(8):857-865. DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666160502153022 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27138887/

[20] Boban Blagaic A, Blagaic V, Romic Z, Sikiric P. The influence of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on acute and chronic ethanol administration in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;499(3):285-290. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.112 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15381050/

[21] Jozwiak et al. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals. 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ph18020185 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/185

[22] Xu X, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157 in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026182 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9794587/

[23] Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS Journal (Sports Medicine). 2025. DOI: 10.1177/15563316251355551 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15563316251355551

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Neon-lit readouts from the peer-reviewed BPC-157 record — every stat logged, every citation indexed, no clinic behind the terminal.